The ancient world (before 500 AD)
Everything here is built without machines. Stone is cut, dragged and stacked by organised labour on a scale that only states with surplus grain can pay for, which is why the surviving scenes cluster around river valleys and coastlines: the Nile, the Aegean, the Tiber. Cities are dense, low and unlit after dark. Public life happens outdoors, in forums, agoras and temple precincts, because that is where the shade, the water and the crowd are. When you land in one of these scenes the giveaway is rarely a date carved on a wall — it is the total absence of the wheel-driven, iron-framed world that comes later.