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    Free printable · 1 page · One per student, reusable

    Dating clues checklist

    A reference sheet students keep beside the screen. Eight families of visual evidence, each with the question to ask and the centuries it narrows. Students tick what is present, what is absent, and what they cannot tell — an unanswerable clue is itself information, and the 'can't tell' column is where the best classroom arguments start.

    Grades 6–12 · KS2–KS5 · ages 11–18Reference · use all lessonA4 & US Letter
    Practise on one scene

    How to run it

    1. 1Hand it out once and laminate or reuse — it is a reference card, not a submitted worksheet.
    2. 2Insist on the 'can't tell' column. Students who mark it honestly are reading the scene properly.
    3. 3Use the right-hand 'rules out' column for a quick whole-class recap at the end of the lesson.
    4. 4Pairs well with the evidence sheet: this card supplies the categories, that sheet records the findings.

    Free to photocopy for your classes. Keep the footer credit and use it as often as you like.

    Preview — this is exactly what prints

    Dating clues checklist

    For each clue family: is it present, absent, or impossible to tell? Note what that fact rules out.

    HistoryGuesser

    Name
    Class
    Date
    Clue familyWhat to ask · what it rules outSeen?
    Building materials

    Stone, mud brick, timber, fired brick, cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete, glass curtain wall?

    Steel frames and plate glass mean post-1880. Fired brick and lime mortar are Roman or later. Dressed stone without mortar points much earlier.

    yesnocan't tell
    Power and machines

    Is anything moving that muscle or wind is not moving? Look for smoke, chimneys, cables, pylons.

    Chimney smoke over a townscape means coal, so post-1750 in Europe. Overhead cables mean post-1880. Nothing but animals and sails rules out the industrial era.

    yesnocan't tell
    Transport

    Carts, pack animals, sail, oar, rails, tyres, tarmac, aircraft?

    Rails put you after 1825, pneumatic tyres after 1888, tarmac roads after 1900. Oared warships and pack trains rule out all of that.

    yesnocan't tell
    Clothing and armour

    Woven or tailored? Dyed or undyed? Plate, mail, leather, uniform, mass-produced clothing?

    Full plate armour is roughly 1400–1600. Standardised uniforms suggest a state army, so post-1650. Bright even dyes across a crowd suggest industrial dyeing, post-1856.

    yesnocan't tell
    Writing and signage

    Any script visible? Carved, painted, printed, illuminated, neon?

    Script narrows the region before it narrows the century. Printed lettering is post-1450 in Europe, painted commercial signage largely post-1700, neon post-1910.

    yesnocan't tell
    Construction stage

    Is the structure finished, half-built, ruined or restored? What is holding it up while it is built?

    Timber scaffolding and treadwheel cranes are pre-industrial. Steel scaffold tube and jib cranes are 20th century. A ruin dates the scene after the building's collapse, not after its completion.

    yesnocan't tell
    Land use and vegetation

    Field shape, terracing, hedges, canals, cleared forest, imported plants?

    Regular enclosed fields suggest post-enclosure Europe. New World crops in Eurasia mean post-1500. Uncleared forest around a settlement suggests a low population.

    yesnocan't tell
    Light and weather

    Where is the sun, how long are the shadows, what is the season, is anything lit artificially?

    Artificial light after dark is gas from about 1810 and electric from about 1880. Shadow angle plus season hints at latitude, which supports or contradicts your place guess.

    yesnocan't tell

    Narrow it down, in this order

    1. What is it built of? → millennium
    2. What is powering it? → century
    3. How do people and goods move? → decade band
    4. What are people wearing? → region and rank
    5. Any writing? → region first, then date
    6. Finished, building or ruined? → which date you are giving

    A clue you cannot read is still evidence: write down what you would need to see in order to decide.

    Reference card · free to copy for classroom use.historyguesser.app

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